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Diffstat (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/layout/grid.md | 286 |
1 files changed, 131 insertions, 155 deletions
diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 056561b27..97ffd3161 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout </div> </div> -The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes). Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. +The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our predefined grid classes. Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. Breaking it down, here's how it works: @@ -57,86 +57,84 @@ While Bootstrap uses `em`s or `rem`s for defining most sizes, `px`s are used for See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table. -<div class="table-responsive"> - <table class="table table-bordered table-striped"> - <thead> - <tr> - <th></th> - <th class="text-center"> - Extra small<br> - <small><576px</small> - </th> - <th class="text-center"> - Small<br> - <small>≥576px</small> - </th> - <th class="text-center"> - Medium<br> - <small>≥768px</small> - </th> - <th class="text-center"> - Large<br> - <small>≥992px</small> - </th> - <th class="text-center"> - Extra large<br> - <small>≥1200px</small> - </th> - </tr> - </thead> - <tbody> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Grid behavior</th> - <td>Horizontal at all times</td> - <td colspan="4">Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Max container width</th> - <td>None (auto)</td> - <td>540px</td> - <td>720px</td> - <td>960px</td> - <td>1140px</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Class prefix</th> - <td><code>.col-</code></td> - <td><code>.col-sm-</code></td> - <td><code>.col-md-</code></td> - <td><code>.col-lg-</code></td> - <td><code>.col-xl-</code></td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row"># of columns</th> - <td colspan="5">12</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Gutter width</th> - <td colspan="5">30px (15px on each side of a column)</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Nestable</th> - <td colspan="5">Yes</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Offsets</th> - <td colspan="5">Yes</td> - </tr> - <tr> - <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Column ordering</th> - <td colspan="5">Yes</td> - </tr> - </tbody> - </table> -</div> +<table class="table table-bordered table-striped table-responsive"> + <thead> + <tr> + <th></th> + <th class="text-center"> + Extra small<br> + <small><576px</small> + </th> + <th class="text-center"> + Small<br> + <small>≥576px</small> + </th> + <th class="text-center"> + Medium<br> + <small>≥768px</small> + </th> + <th class="text-center"> + Large<br> + <small>≥992px</small> + </th> + <th class="text-center"> + Extra large<br> + <small>≥1200px</small> + </th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Grid behavior</th> + <td>Horizontal at all times</td> + <td colspan="4">Collapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Max container width</th> + <td>None (auto)</td> + <td>540px</td> + <td>720px</td> + <td>960px</td> + <td>1140px</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Class prefix</th> + <td><code>.col-</code></td> + <td><code>.col-sm-</code></td> + <td><code>.col-md-</code></td> + <td><code>.col-lg-</code></td> + <td><code>.col-xl-</code></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row"># of columns</th> + <td colspan="5">12</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Gutter width</th> + <td colspan="5">30px (15px on each side of a column)</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Nestable</th> + <td colspan="5">Yes</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Offsets</th> + <td colspan="5">Yes</td> + </tr> + <tr> + <th class="text-nowrap" scope="row">Column ordering</th> + <td colspan="5">Yes</td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> ## Auto-layout columns -Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for equal-width columns. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width. +Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for easy column sizing without an explicit numbered class like `.col-sm-6`. ### Equal-width -For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. +For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width. <div class="bd-example-row"> {% example html %} @@ -146,7 +144,7 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, 1 of 2 </div> <div class="col"> - 1 of 2 + 2 of 2 </div> </div> <div class="row"> @@ -154,19 +152,37 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, 1 of 3 </div> <div class="col"> - 1 of 3 + 2 of 3 </div> <div class="col"> - 1 of 3 + 3 of 3 </div> </div> </div> {% endexample %} </div> +Equal-width columns can be broken into multiple lines, but there is a [Safari flexbox bug](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#11-min-and-max-size-declarations-are-ignored-when-wrapping-flex-items) that prevents this from working without an explicit `flex-basis` or `border`. Our example works thanks to the `border` being set; you can do the same with `.col { border: 1px solid transparent; }`. Alternatively, you can set the flex-basis to the width of the column (e.g., `.col { flex: 1 0 50%; }`). + +Both these fixes have been documented in a [reduced test case outside Bootstrap](https://output.jsbin.com/micohor). + +<div class="bd-example-row"> +{% example html %} +<div class="container"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col">Column</div> + <div class="col">Column</div> + <div class="w-100"></div> + <div class="col">Column</div> + <div class="col">Column</div> + </div> +</div> +{% endexample %} +</div> + ### Setting one column width -Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and the others will automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. +Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and have the sibling columns automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. <div class="bd-example-row"> {% example html %} @@ -199,7 +215,7 @@ Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one col ### Variable width content -Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the natural width of its content. This is super handy with single line content like inputs, numbers, etc. This, in conjunction with [horizontal alignment](#horizontal-alignment) classes, is very useful for centering layouts with uneven column sizes as viewport width changes. +Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width of their content. <div class="bd-example-row"> {% example html %} @@ -208,7 +224,7 @@ Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the <div class="col col-lg-2"> 1 of 3 </div> - <div class="col-12 col-md-auto"> + <div class="col-md-auto"> Variable width content </div> <div class="col col-lg-2"> @@ -219,7 +235,7 @@ Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the <div class="col"> 1 of 3 </div> - <div class="col-12 col-md-auto"> + <div class="col-md-auto"> Variable width content </div> <div class="col col-lg-2"> @@ -295,7 +311,7 @@ Don't want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of {% example html %} <!-- Stack the columns on mobile by making one full-width and the other half-width --> <div class="row"> - <div class="col col-md-8">.col .col-md-8</div> + <div class="col-12 col-md-8">.col-12 .col-md-8</div> <div class="col-6 col-md-4">.col-6 .col-md-4</div> </div> @@ -473,7 +489,7 @@ If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra colu ### Column resets -With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive utility classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/responsive-utilities/). +With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/display/). <div class="bd-example-row"> {% example html %} @@ -482,7 +498,7 @@ With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> <!-- Add the extra clearfix for only the required viewport --> - <div class="clearfix hidden-sm-up"></div> + <div class="clearfix d-none d-sm-block"></div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> <div class="col-6 col-sm-3">.col-6 .col-sm-3</div> @@ -516,13 +532,13 @@ Use flexbox utilities for controlling the **visual order** of your content. {% example html %} <div class="container"> <div class="row"> - <div class="col flex-unordered"> + <div class="col order-0"> First, but unordered </div> - <div class="col flex-last"> + <div class="col order-last"> Second, but last </div> - <div class="col flex-first"> + <div class="col order-first"> Third, but first </div> </div> @@ -587,7 +603,7 @@ To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm ## Sass mixins -When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes) use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. +When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our predefined grid classes use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. ### Variables @@ -632,104 +648,63 @@ Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS {% highlight scss %} // Creates a wrapper for a series of columns -@mixin make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - display: flex; - flex-wrap: wrap; - - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - margin-right: ($gutter / -2); - margin-left: ($gutter / -2); - } - } -} +@include make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths); // Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) -@mixin make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - position: relative; - // Prevent columns from becoming too narrow when at smaller grid tiers by - // always setting `width: 100%;`. This works because we use `flex` values - // later on to override this initial width. - width: 100%; - min-height: 1px; // Prevent collapsing - - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - padding-right: ($gutter / 2); - padding-left: ($gutter / 2); - } - } -} - -@mixin make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - flex: 0 0 percentage($size / $columns); - width: percentage($size / $columns); - // Add a `max-width` to ensure content within each column does not blow out - // the width of the column. Applies to IE10+ and Firefox. Chrome and Safari - // do not appear to require this. - max-width: percentage($size / $columns); -} +@include make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths); +@include make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns); // Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order -@mixin make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - margin-left: percentage($size / $columns); -} - -@mixin make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - left: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} - -@mixin make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - right: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} +@include make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns); +@include make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns); +@include make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns); {% endhighlight %} ### Example usage You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. -See it in action in <a href="https://jsbin.com/ruxona/edit?html,output">this rendered example</a>. - {% highlight scss %} -.container { - max-width: 60em; +.example-container { + width: 800px; @include make-container(); } -.row { + +.example-row { @include make-row(); } -.content-main { + +.example-content-main { @include make-col-ready(); - @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { @include make-col(6); } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { @include make-col(8); } } -.content-secondary { + +.example-content-secondary { @include make-col-ready(); - @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { @include make-col(6); } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { @include make-col(4); } } {% endhighlight %} -{% highlight html %} -<div class="container"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="content-main">...</div> - <div class="content-secondary">...</div> +{% example html %} +<div class="example-container"> + <div class="example-row"> + <div class="example-content-main">Main content</div> + <div class="example-content-secondary">Secondary content</div> </div> </div> -{% endhighlight %} +{% endexample %} ## Customizing the grid @@ -753,10 +728,11 @@ $grid-gutter-widths: ( ### Grid tiers -Moving beyond the columns themselves, you may also customize the number of grid tiers. If you wanted just three grid tiers, you'd update the `$grid-breakpoints` and `$container-max-widths` to something like this: +Moving beyond the columns themselves, you may also customize the number of grid tiers. If you wanted just four grid tiers, you'd update the `$grid-breakpoints` and `$container-max-widths` to something like this: {% highlight scss %} $grid-breakpoints: ( + xs: 0, sm: 480px, md: 768px, lg: 1024px |