From eb2e1102be0f4641ee3e5c4e7853360d5a04e3d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2016 20:26:17 -0800 Subject: Flexbox all the time (Drop IE9 support and remove $enable-flex option) (#21389) * remove the $enable-flex variable option * remove bootstrap-flex.css dist file and it's grunt task * remove the separate flex css file for docs; it's all the same now * remove flexbox docs (porting some to the main grid docs in next commit) * clean up few grid docs bits to simplify copy, start to mention flexbox * port relevant flexbox-grid.md content to grid.md - clean up mixins - update how it works section - bring over sizing and alignment sections * remove the $enable-flex from the options.md page * update lead paragraph to mention flexbox * update migration to mention loss of ie9 support * remove mention of flexbox dist file * clarify IE support * making a note * remove flexbox variant mentions from component docs - updates docs for media object, navs, list group, and cards to consolidate docs - no more need to callout flexbox variants since it's now the default * remove $enable-flex if/else from sass files * remove flex dist files * update scss lint property order to account for flex properties * linting * change to numberless classes for autosizing, wrap in highlighting div * bump gruntfile and postcss to ie10 * redo intro sections * rearrange * phew, redo hella grid docs - rearrange all the things - consolidate some bits * remove reference to flexbox mode * more border action for demo * Make some changes to the .card's in .card-deck's to ensure footers align to the bottom --- docs/layout/grid.md | 647 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 427 insertions(+), 220 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 68d7f7020..d7391025f 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ --- layout: docs title: Grid system -description: Documentation and examples for using Bootstrap's powerful, responsive, and mobile-first grid system. +description: Documentation and examples for using Bootstrap's responsive flexbox grid system. group: layout --- -Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints). You can use it with Sass mixins or our predefined classes. +Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first flexbox grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints). You can use it with Sass mixins or our predefined classes. ## Contents @@ -14,43 +14,43 @@ Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first grid system for building layouts of a ## How it works -At a high level, here's how the grid system works: +Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together. -- There are three major components—containers, rows, and columns. -- Containers—`.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width—center your site's contents and help align your grid content. -- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. -- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. -- Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So if you want three equal-width columns, you'd use `.col-sm-4`. -- Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element. -- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the `margin` from rows and `padding` from columns with `.no-gutters` on the `.row`. -- There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large. -- Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices). -- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. - -Sounds good? Great, let's move on to seeing all that in an example. - -## Quick start example - -If you're using Bootstrap's compiled CSS, this the example you'll want to start with. - -{% example html %} +
-
+
One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
-{% endexample %} +
The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes). Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. +Breaking it down, here's how it works: + +- Containers (outlined in blue above) provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. +- Rows (outlined in red above) are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. +- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. +- Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of `.col-sm` will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints. +- Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns, you can use `.col-sm-4`. +- Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element. +- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the `margin` from rows and `padding` from columns with `.no-gutters` on the `.row`. +- There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, and extra large. +- Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices). +- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. + +Be aware of the limitations and [bugs around flexbox](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs), like the [inability to use some HTML elements as flex containers](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#9-some-html-elements-cant-be-flex-containers). + +Sounds good? Great, let's move on to seeing all that in an example. + ## Grid options While Bootstrap uses `em`s or `rem`s for defining most sizes, `px`s are used for grid breakpoints and container widths. This is because the viewport width is in pixels and does not change with the [font size](https://drafts.csswg.org/mediaqueries-3/#units). @@ -130,212 +130,156 @@ See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a
-## Sass mixins - -When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes) use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. - -### Variables - -Variables and maps determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below. - -{% highlight scss %} -$grid-columns: 12; -$grid-gutter-width-base: 30px; - -$grid-gutter-widths: ( - xs: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - sm: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - md: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - lg: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - xl: $grid-gutter-width-base // 30px -) - -$grid-breakpoints: ( - // Extra small screen / phone - xs: 0, - // Small screen / phone - sm: 576px, - // Medium screen / tablet - md: 768px, - // Large screen / desktop - lg: 992px, - // Extra large screen / wide desktop - xl: 1200px -); - -$container-max-widths: ( - sm: 540px, - md: 720px, - lg: 960px, - xl: 1140px -); -{% endhighlight %} - -### Mixins - -Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns. - -{% highlight scss %} -// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns -@mixin make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - @if $enable-flex { - display: flex; - flex-wrap: wrap; - } @else { - @include clearfix(); - } - - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - margin-right: ($gutter / -2); - margin-left: ($gutter / -2); - } - } -} - -// Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) -@mixin make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - position: relative; - min-height: 1px; // Prevent collapsing +## Auto-layout columns - // Prevent columns from becoming too narrow when at smaller grid tiers by - // always setting `width: 100%;`. This works because we use `flex` values - // later on to override this initial width. - @if $enable-flex { - width: 100%; - } +Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for equal-width columns. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width. - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - padding-right: ($gutter / 2); - padding-left: ($gutter / 2); - } - } -} +### Equal-width -@mixin make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - @if $enable-flex { - flex: 0 0 percentage($size / $columns); - // Add a `max-width` to ensure content within each column does not blow out - // the width of the column. Applies to IE10+ and Firefox. Chrome and Safari - // do not appear to require this. - max-width: percentage($size / $columns); - } @else { - float: left; - width: percentage($size / $columns); - } -} +For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. -// Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order -@mixin make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - margin-left: percentage($size / $columns); -} - -@mixin make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - left: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ 1 of 2 +
+
+ 1 of 2 +
+
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
-@mixin make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - right: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} -{% endhighlight %} +### Setting one column width -### Example usage +Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and the others will automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. -You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 2 of 3 (wider) +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
+
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 2 of 3 (wider) +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
-See it in action in this rendered example. +### Variable width content -{% highlight scss %} -.container { - max-width: 60em; - @include make-container(); -} -.row { - @include make-row(); -} -.content-main { - @include make-col-ready(); +Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the natural width of its content. This is super handy with single line content like inputs, numbers, etc. This, in conjunction with [horizontal alignment](#horizontal-alignment) classes, is very useful for centering layouts with uneven column sizes as viewport width changes. - @media (max-width: 32em) { - @include make-col(6); - } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { - @include make-col(8); - } -} -.content-secondary { - @include make-col-ready(); - - @media (max-width: 32em) { - @include make-col(6); - } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { - @include make-col(4); - } -} -{% endhighlight %} - -{% highlight html %} +
+{% example html %}
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ Variable width content +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
+
-
...
-
...
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ Variable width content +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
-{% endhighlight %} +{% endexample %} +
-## Predefined classes +## Responsive classes -In addition to our semantic mixins, Bootstrap includes an extensive set of prebuilt classes for quickly creating grid columns. It includes options for device-based column sizing, reordering columns, and more. +Bootstrap's grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit. -### Example: Stacked-to-horizontal +### All breakpoints -Using a single set of `.col-md-*` grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns within any `.row`. +For grids that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the `.col` and `.col-*` classes. Specify a numbered class when you need a particularly sized column; otherwise, feel free to stick to `.col`.
{% example html %}
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
+
col
+
col
+
col
+
col
-
col-md-8
-
col-md-4
+
col-8
+
col-4
+
+{% endexample %}
+ +### Stacked to horizontal + +Using a single set of `.col-sm-*` classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on extra small devices before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. + +
+{% example html %}
-
col-md-4
-
col-md-4
-
col-md-4
+
col-sm-8
+
col-sm-4
-
col-md-6
-
col-md-6
+
col-sm
+
col-sm
+
col-sm
{% endexample %}
-### Example: Mobile and desktop +### Mix and match -Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding `.col-*` and `.col-md-*` to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works. +Don't want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of different classes for each tier as needed. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.
{% example html %}
-
.col-12 .col-md-8
+
.col .col-md-8
.col-6 .col-md-4
@@ -354,29 +298,122 @@ Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small {% endexample %}
-### Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop +## Alignment + +Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. -Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet `.col-sm-*` classes. +### Vertical alignment
{% example html %} -
-
.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
-
.col-6 .col-md-4
+
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
-
-
.col-6 .col-sm-4
-
.col-6 .col-sm-4
- -
-
.col-6 .col-sm-4
+{% endexample %} +
+ +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ +### Horizontal alignment + +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
{% endexample %}
-### Example: Remove gutters +### No gutters -The gutters between columns in our default, predefined grid classes can be removed with `.no-gutters`. This removes the negative `margin`s from `.row` and the horizontal `padding` from all immediate children columns. +The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with `.no-gutters`. This removes the negative `margin`s from `.row` and the horizontal `padding` from all immediate children columns. Here's the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are scoped to only the first children columns and are targeted via [attribute selector](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors). While this generates a more specific selector, column padding can still be further customized with [spacing utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/spacing/). @@ -404,7 +441,7 @@ In practice, here's how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all oth {% endexample %}
-### Example: Column wrapping +### Column wrapping If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line. @@ -418,9 +455,9 @@ If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra colu {% endexample %}
-### Example: Responsive column resets +### Column resets -With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive utility classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/responsive-utilities/). +With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive utility classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/responsive-utilities/).
{% example html %} @@ -453,7 +490,31 @@ In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to **rese {% endexample %}
-### Example: Offsetting columns +## Reordering + +### Flex order + +Use flexbox utilities for controlling the **visual order** of your content. + +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ First, but unordered +
+
+ Second, but last +
+
+ Third, but first +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ +### Offsetting columns Move columns to the right using `.offset-md-*` classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by `*` columns. For example, `.offset-md-4` moves `.col-md-4` over four columns. @@ -473,7 +534,20 @@ Move columns to the right using `.offset-md-*` classes. These classes increase t {% endexample %}
-### Example: Nesting columns +### Push and pull + +Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with `.push-md-*` and `.pull-md-*` modifier classes. + +
+{% example html %} +
+
.col-md-9 .push-md-3
+
.col-md-3 .pull-md-9
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ +## Nesting To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm-*` columns within an existing `.col-sm-*` column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns). @@ -495,18 +569,151 @@ To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm {% endexample %}
-### Example: Column ordering +## Sass mixins -Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with `.push-md-*` and `.pull-md-*` modifier classes. +When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes) use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. -
-{% example html %} -
-
.col-md-9 .push-md-3
-
.col-md-3 .pull-md-9
-
-{% endexample %} +### Variables + +Variables and maps determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below. + +{% highlight scss %} +$grid-columns: 12; +$grid-gutter-width-base: 30px; + +$grid-gutter-widths: ( + xs: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + sm: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + md: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + lg: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + xl: $grid-gutter-width-base // 30px +) + +$grid-breakpoints: ( + // Extra small screen / phone + xs: 0, + // Small screen / phone + sm: 576px, + // Medium screen / tablet + md: 768px, + // Large screen / desktop + lg: 992px, + // Extra large screen / wide desktop + xl: 1200px +); + +$container-max-widths: ( + sm: 540px, + md: 720px, + lg: 960px, + xl: 1140px +); +{% endhighlight %} + +### Mixins + +Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns. + +{% highlight scss %} +// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns +@mixin make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { + display: flex; + flex-wrap: wrap; + + @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { + @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { + $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); + margin-right: ($gutter / -2); + margin-left: ($gutter / -2); + } + } +} + +// Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) +@mixin make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { + position: relative; + // Prevent columns from becoming too narrow when at smaller grid tiers by + // always setting `width: 100%;`. This works because we use `flex` values + // later on to override this initial width. + width: 100%; + min-height: 1px; // Prevent collapsing + + @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { + @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { + $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); + padding-right: ($gutter / 2); + padding-left: ($gutter / 2); + } + } +} + +@mixin make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + flex: 0 0 percentage($size / $columns); + width: percentage($size / $columns); + // Add a `max-width` to ensure content within each column does not blow out + // the width of the column. Applies to IE10+ and Firefox. Chrome and Safari + // do not appear to require this. + max-width: percentage($size / $columns); +} + +// Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order +@mixin make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + margin-left: percentage($size / $columns); +} + +@mixin make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + left: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); +} + +@mixin make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + right: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); +} +{% endhighlight %} + +### Example usage + +You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. + +See it in action in this rendered example. + +{% highlight scss %} +.container { + max-width: 60em; + @include make-container(); +} +.row { + @include make-row(); +} +.content-main { + @include make-col-ready(); + + @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include make-col(6); + } + @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include make-col(8); + } +} +.content-secondary { + @include make-col-ready(); + + @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include make-col(6); + } + @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include make-col(4); + } +} +{% endhighlight %} + +{% highlight html %} +
+
+
...
+
...
+
+{% endhighlight %} ## Customizing the grid -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9d13fd3fe3d1a4578dde8b2cf0a8c74b1e41405b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2016 13:31:09 -0800 Subject: remove old flex utils, update docs to match --- docs/layout/grid.md | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index d7391025f..efdf3a937 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the
{% example html %}
-
+
1 of 3
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. ### Vertical alignment -
+
{% example html %}
-
+
One of three columns
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
@@ -348,13 +348,13 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. {% example html %}
-
+
One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns.
{% example html %}
-
+
One of two columns
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
One of two columns
@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
One of two columns
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
One of two columns
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
One of two columns
-- cgit v1.2.3 From dac31ebf35a25d3236de9b63f6b957c504aa7e58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2016 14:11:48 -0800 Subject: fixes #21445 remove broken example class from grid docs --- docs/layout/grid.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index efdf3a937..6537f70a1 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first flexbox grid system for building layo Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together. -
+
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and Breaking it down, here's how it works: -- Containers (outlined in blue above) provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. -- Rows (outlined in red above) are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. +- Containers provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. +- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. - Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. - Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of `.col-sm` will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints. - Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns, you can use `.col-sm-4`. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 069a80254f14add187691e82aed606bba7ffbcd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2016 14:05:24 -0800 Subject: Document how to break equal width cols to multiple rows Fixes #21287 --- docs/layout/grid.md | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 6537f70a1..056561b27 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -230,6 +230,22 @@ Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the {% endexample %}
+### Equal-width multi-row + +Create equal-width columns that span multiple rows by inserting a `.w-100` where you want the columns to break to a new line. Make the breaks responsive by mixing the `.w-100` with some [responsive display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/display-property/). + +
+{% example html %} +
+
col
+
col
+
+
col
+
col
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ ## Responsive classes Bootstrap's grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit. -- cgit v1.2.3 From ff8d28cf2501773ff6f7833865c8e2b2ebb76a3f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Quy Date: Sat, 31 Dec 2016 16:12:28 -0800 Subject: Move .table-responsive from wrapper to .table --- docs/layout/grid.md | 142 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 70 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 056561b27..d0f5b2326 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -57,78 +57,76 @@ While Bootstrap uses `em`s or `rem`s for defining most sizes, `px`s are used for See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table. -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- Extra small
- <576px - 		- Small
- ≥576px - 		- Medium
- ≥768px - 		- Large
- ≥992px - 		- Extra large
- ≥1200px -
Grid behaviorHorizontal at all timesCollapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Max container widthNone (auto)540px720px960px1140px
Class prefix.col-.col-sm-.col-md-.col-lg-.col-xl-
# of columns12
Gutter width30px (15px on each side of a column)
NestableYes
OffsetsYes
Column orderingYes
-
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ Extra small
+ <576px + 		+ Small
+ ≥576px + 		+ Medium
+ ≥768px + 		+ Large
+ ≥992px + 		+ Extra large
+ ≥1200px +
Grid behaviorHorizontal at all timesCollapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Max container widthNone (auto)540px720px960px1140px
Class prefix.col-.col-sm-.col-md-.col-lg-.col-xl-
# of columns12
Gutter width30px (15px on each side of a column)
NestableYes
OffsetsYes
Column orderingYes
## Auto-layout columns -- cgit v1.2.3 From e4c0311626befc89c9462e675059edf9d52b9bb1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bardi Harborow Date: Thu, 5 Jan 2017 11:11:50 +1100 Subject: Update broken links. --- docs/layout/grid.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index d0f5b2326..03deb2f55 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout
-The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes). Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. +The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our predefined grid classes. Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. Breaking it down, here's how it works: -- cgit v1.2.3 From 3cb252570a0fb2507c7169427569f50a0a1cb031 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Marcus Molchany Date: Sat, 21 Jan 2017 18:01:13 -0800 Subject: Update grid layout docs (#21806) Update Mix and match section with correct responsive classes for stacking cols. --- docs/layout/grid.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 03deb2f55..58e51946e 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ Don't want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of {% example html %}
-
.col .col-md-8
+
.col-12 .col-md-8
.col-6 .col-md-4
-- cgit v1.2.3 From 519ecc1c69ddf1f8ba69c021c4450ee131cee391 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Tue, 24 Jan 2017 00:01:44 -0800 Subject: Rename order utilities to intended class names (#21739) * rename order utilities to intended class names * Documentation fixes. --- docs/layout/grid.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 58e51946e..4d0d3e6e8 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -514,13 +514,13 @@ Use flexbox utilities for controlling the **visual order** of your content. {% example html %}
-
+
First, but unordered
-
+
Second, but last
-
+
Third, but first
-- cgit v1.2.3 From e8015e3f16e87c5ebaf6b10d9f627a1dc7f8fe65 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bardi Harborow Date: Mon, 27 Feb 2017 21:42:26 +1100 Subject: Fix broken links. --- docs/layout/grid.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 4d0d3e6e8..31d1f9a81 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -585,7 +585,7 @@ To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm ## Sass mixins -When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes) use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. +When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our predefined grid classes use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. ### Variables -- cgit v1.2.3 From c6fdac94154c4493d422e1441a5e52219b976219 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Fri, 3 Mar 2017 12:59:14 -0800 Subject: update instances of old classes in the docs --- docs/layout/grid.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 31d1f9a81..738eafe62 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra colu ### Column resets -With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive utility classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/responsive-utilities/). +With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/display/).
{% example html %} @@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where,
.col-6 .col-sm-3
-
+
.col-6 .col-sm-3
.col-6 .col-sm-3
-- cgit v1.2.3 From 2d243086c93e83192668bff431bf44e2c42b467e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2017 12:00:34 -0700 Subject: clean up mixin docs --- docs/layout/grid.md | 54 ++++++----------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 738eafe62..ab056a8d3 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -630,58 +630,16 @@ Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS {% highlight scss %} // Creates a wrapper for a series of columns -@mixin make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - display: flex; - flex-wrap: wrap; - - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - margin-right: ($gutter / -2); - margin-left: ($gutter / -2); - } - } -} +@include make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths); // Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) -@mixin make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - position: relative; - // Prevent columns from becoming too narrow when at smaller grid tiers by - // always setting `width: 100%;`. This works because we use `flex` values - // later on to override this initial width. - width: 100%; - min-height: 1px; // Prevent collapsing - - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - padding-right: ($gutter / 2); - padding-left: ($gutter / 2); - } - } -} - -@mixin make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - flex: 0 0 percentage($size / $columns); - width: percentage($size / $columns); - // Add a `max-width` to ensure content within each column does not blow out - // the width of the column. Applies to IE10+ and Firefox. Chrome and Safari - // do not appear to require this. - max-width: percentage($size / $columns); -} +@include make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths); +@include make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns); // Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order -@mixin make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - margin-left: percentage($size / $columns); -} - -@mixin make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - left: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} - -@mixin make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - right: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} +@include make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns); +@include make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns); +@include make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns); {% endhighlight %} ### Example usage -- cgit v1.2.3 From 1a264be8b373419865f55f1c5f92890fd6bcbd03 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2017 12:12:02 -0700 Subject: Redo semantic grid example and make it real in the docs --- docs/layout/grid.md | 35 ++++++++++++++++++----------------- 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 17 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index ab056a8d3..67a7289f6 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -646,46 +646,47 @@ Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. -See it in action in this rendered example. - {% highlight scss %} -.container { - max-width: 60em; +.example-container { + width: 800px; @include make-container(); } -.row { + +.example-row { @include make-row(); } -.content-main { + +.example-content-main { @include make-col-ready(); - @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { @include make-col(6); } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { @include make-col(8); } } -.content-secondary { + +.example-content-secondary { @include make-col-ready(); - @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { @include make-col(6); } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { @include make-col(4); } } {% endhighlight %} -{% highlight html %} -
-
-
...
-
...
+{% example html %} +
+
+
Main content
+
Secondary content
-{% endhighlight %} +{% endexample %} ## Customizing the grid -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9596cb5087d591094cdbd9c4936059e99562e8d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2017 16:00:51 -0700 Subject: clarify docs a bit more and remove some words; closes #21683 --- docs/layout/grid.md | 8 ++++---- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 67a7289f6..73c84f8ce 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -130,11 +130,11 @@ See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a ## Auto-layout columns -Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for equal-width columns. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width. +Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for easy column sizing without an explicit numbered class like `.col-sm-6`. ### Equal-width -For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. +For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width.
{% example html %} @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, ### Setting one column width -Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and the others will automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. +Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and have the sibling columns automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column.
{% example html %} @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one col ### Variable width content -Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the natural width of its content. This is super handy with single line content like inputs, numbers, etc. This, in conjunction with [horizontal alignment](#horizontal-alignment) classes, is very useful for centering layouts with uneven column sizes as viewport width changes. +Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width of their content. Use these classes in conjunction with [horizontal alignment](#horizontal-alignment) classes for centering layouts with uneven column sizes as viewport width changes.
{% example html %} -- cgit v1.2.3 From 2b3a2b65a97eff40608538946aeba3b4ad3d8aea Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2017 16:01:56 -0700 Subject: doh forgot to save --- docs/layout/grid.md | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 73c84f8ce..95fd999f3 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one col ### Variable width content -Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width of their content. Use these classes in conjunction with [horizontal alignment](#horizontal-alignment) classes for centering layouts with uneven column sizes as viewport width changes. +Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width of their content.
{% example html %} -- cgit v1.2.3 From 1e6902d21f7e3fc226a96351539160433edf3ebf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 25 Mar 2017 22:27:24 -0700 Subject: fixes #22133 --- docs/layout/grid.md | 3 ++- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 95fd999f3..ca3537e84 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -710,10 +710,11 @@ $grid-gutter-widths: ( ### Grid tiers -Moving beyond the columns themselves, you may also customize the number of grid tiers. If you wanted just three grid tiers, you'd update the `$grid-breakpoints` and `$container-max-widths` to something like this: +Moving beyond the columns themselves, you may also customize the number of grid tiers. If you wanted just four grid tiers, you'd update the `$grid-breakpoints` and `$container-max-widths` to something like this: {% highlight scss %} $grid-breakpoints: ( + xs: 0, sm: 480px, md: 768px, lg: 1024px -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9010978c1a1b397a9622e9e9aafeab8de8951a04 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2017 12:37:28 -0700 Subject: add example and document bug behavior to fix #21967 --- docs/layout/grid.md | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index ca3537e84..2eb704550 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -162,6 +162,22 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, {% endexample %}
+Equal-width columns can be broken into multiple lines, but there is a [Safari flexbox bug](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#11-min-and-max-size-declarations-are-ignored-when-wrapping-flex-items) that prevents this from working without an explicit `flex-basis` or `border`. Our example works thanks to the `border` being set; you can do the same with `.col { border: 1px solid transparent; }`. Alternatively, you can set the flex-basis to the width of the column (e.g., `.col { flex: 1 0 50%; }`). + +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
Column
+
Column
+
+
Column
+
Column
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ ### Setting one column width Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and have the sibling columns automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 1d481519750d3ad5018206408bd583d94a11b54d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2017 12:38:13 -0700 Subject: git that a link too for now --- docs/layout/grid.md | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 2eb704550..01fbfe493 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -164,6 +164,8 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, Equal-width columns can be broken into multiple lines, but there is a [Safari flexbox bug](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#11-min-and-max-size-declarations-are-ignored-when-wrapping-flex-items) that prevents this from working without an explicit `flex-basis` or `border`. Our example works thanks to the `border` being set; you can do the same with `.col { border: 1px solid transparent; }`. Alternatively, you can set the flex-basis to the width of the column (e.g., `.col { flex: 1 0 50%; }`). +Both these fixes have been documented in a [reduced test case outside Bootstrap](https://output.jsbin.com/micohor). +
{% example html %}
-- cgit v1.2.3 From 7ca078da815320c75862b6cf25f46ce706570279 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sun, 26 Mar 2017 12:53:50 -0700 Subject: fixes #22111 - add .col-*-auto to the extend in our grid framework mixins so it gets padding - this means we can avoid the col-12 classes in our docs for the responsive variants --- docs/layout/grid.md | 4 ++-- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 01fbfe493..7a16c52a7 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width o
1 of 3
-
+
Variable width content
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width o
1 of 3
-
+
Variable width content
-- cgit v1.2.3 From c8c51186f58886b114fbcc4e0b01dd2df3d74d36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mike Cooper Date: Sat, 27 May 2017 04:06:25 +1000 Subject: update equal-width numbering in docs (#22697) --- docs/layout/grid.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 7a16c52a7..97ffd3161 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, 1 of 2
- 1 of 2 + 2 of 2
@@ -152,10 +152,10 @@ For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, 1 of 3
- 1 of 3 + 2 of 3
- 1 of 3 + 3 of 3
-- cgit v1.2.3 From fa2731b6264ad44c6d2600b7a4efab0ddaca7a06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 27 May 2017 22:12:00 -0700 Subject: update layout pages --- docs/layout/grid.md | 10 ++-------- 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 97ffd3161..d0bfe416a 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -1,17 +1,11 @@ --- layout: docs title: Grid system -description: Documentation and examples for using Bootstrap's responsive flexbox grid system. +description: Use our powerful mobile-first flexbox grid to build layouts of all shapes and sizes thanks to a twelve column system, five default responsive tiers, Sass variables and mixins, and dozens of predefined classes. group: layout +toc: true --- -Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first flexbox grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints). You can use it with Sass mixins or our predefined classes. - -## Contents - -* Will be replaced with the ToC, excluding the "Contents" header -{:toc} - ## How it works Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 3e76d6565603fafa2c85ad81d7b6345c4e279c72 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sun, 28 May 2017 22:50:57 -0700 Subject: Rearrange all the docs to allow for a docs/major.minor/ setup --- docs/layout/grid.md | 742 ---------------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 742 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 docs/layout/grid.md (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md deleted file mode 100644 index d0bfe416a..000000000 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,742 +0,0 @@ ---- -layout: docs -title: Grid system -description: Use our powerful mobile-first flexbox grid to build layouts of all shapes and sizes thanks to a twelve column system, five default responsive tiers, Sass variables and mixins, and dozens of predefined classes. -group: layout -toc: true ---- - -## How it works - -Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together. - -
-
-
-
- One of three columns -
-
- One of three columns -
-
- One of three columns -
-
-
-
- -The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our predefined grid classes. Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. - -Breaking it down, here's how it works: - -- Containers provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. -- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. -- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. -- Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of `.col-sm` will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints. -- Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns, you can use `.col-sm-4`. -- Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element. -- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the `margin` from rows and `padding` from columns with `.no-gutters` on the `.row`. -- There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, and extra large. -- Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices). -- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. - -Be aware of the limitations and [bugs around flexbox](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs), like the [inability to use some HTML elements as flex containers](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#9-some-html-elements-cant-be-flex-containers). - -Sounds good? Great, let's move on to seeing all that in an example. - -## Grid options - -While Bootstrap uses `em`s or `rem`s for defining most sizes, `px`s are used for grid breakpoints and container widths. This is because the viewport width is in pixels and does not change with the [font size](https://drafts.csswg.org/mediaqueries-3/#units). - -See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- Extra small
- <576px - 		- Small
- ≥576px - 		- Medium
- ≥768px - 		- Large
- ≥992px - 		- Extra large
- ≥1200px -
Grid behaviorHorizontal at all timesCollapsed to start, horizontal above breakpoints
Max container widthNone (auto)540px720px960px1140px
Class prefix.col-.col-sm-.col-md-.col-lg-.col-xl-
# of columns12
Gutter width30px (15px on each side of a column)
NestableYes
OffsetsYes
Column orderingYes
- -## Auto-layout columns - -Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for easy column sizing without an explicit numbered class like `.col-sm-6`. - -### Equal-width - -For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width. - -
-{% example html %} -
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- 1 of 2 -
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- 2 of 2 -
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- 1 of 3 -
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- 2 of 3 -
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- 3 of 3 -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -Equal-width columns can be broken into multiple lines, but there is a [Safari flexbox bug](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#11-min-and-max-size-declarations-are-ignored-when-wrapping-flex-items) that prevents this from working without an explicit `flex-basis` or `border`. Our example works thanks to the `border` being set; you can do the same with `.col { border: 1px solid transparent; }`. Alternatively, you can set the flex-basis to the width of the column (e.g., `.col { flex: 1 0 50%; }`). - -Both these fixes have been documented in a [reduced test case outside Bootstrap](https://output.jsbin.com/micohor). - -
-{% example html %} -
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Column
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Column
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Column
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Column
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Setting one column width - -Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and have the sibling columns automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. - -
-{% example html %} -
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- 1 of 3 -
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- 2 of 3 (wider) -
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- 3 of 3 -
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- 1 of 3 -
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- 2 of 3 (wider) -
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- 3 of 3 -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Variable width content - -Use `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes to size columns based on the natural width of their content. - -
-{% example html %} -
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- 1 of 3 -
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- Variable width content -
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- 3 of 3 -
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- 1 of 3 -
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- Variable width content -
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- 3 of 3 -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Equal-width multi-row - -Create equal-width columns that span multiple rows by inserting a `.w-100` where you want the columns to break to a new line. Make the breaks responsive by mixing the `.w-100` with some [responsive display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/display-property/). - -
-{% example html %} -
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col
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col
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col
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col
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-{% endexample %} -
- -## Responsive classes - -Bootstrap's grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit. - -### All breakpoints - -For grids that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the `.col` and `.col-*` classes. Specify a numbered class when you need a particularly sized column; otherwise, feel free to stick to `.col`. - -
-{% example html %} -
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col
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col
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col
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col
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col-8
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col-4
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Stacked to horizontal - -Using a single set of `.col-sm-*` classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on extra small devices before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. - -
-{% example html %} -
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col-sm-8
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col-sm-4
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col-sm
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col-sm
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col-sm
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Mix and match - -Don't want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of different classes for each tier as needed. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works. - -
-{% example html %} - -
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.col-12 .col-md-8
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.col-6 .col-md-4
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.col-6 .col-md-4
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.col-6 .col-md-4
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.col-6 .col-md-4
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.col-6
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.col-6
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-{% endexample %} -
- -## Alignment - -Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. - -### Vertical alignment - -
-{% example html %} -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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-{% endexample %} -
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-{% example html %} -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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- One of three columns -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Horizontal alignment - -
-{% example html %} -
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- One of two columns -
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- One of two columns -
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- One of two columns -
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- One of two columns -
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- One of two columns -
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- One of two columns -
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- One of two columns -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### No gutters - -The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with `.no-gutters`. This removes the negative `margin`s from `.row` and the horizontal `padding` from all immediate children columns. - -Here's the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are scoped to only the first children columns and are targeted via [attribute selector](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors). While this generates a more specific selector, column padding can still be further customized with [spacing utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/spacing/). - -{% highlight sass %} -.no-gutters { - margin-right: 0; - margin-left: 0; - - > .col, - > [class*="col-"] { - padding-right: 0; - padding-left: 0; - } -} -{% endhighlight %} - -In practice, here's how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all other predefined grid classes (including column widths, responsive tiers, reorders, and more). - -
-{% example html %} -
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.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
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.col-6 .col-md-4
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Column wrapping - -If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line. - -
-{% example html %} -
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.col-9
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.col-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
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.col-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Column resets - -With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/display/). - -
-{% example html %} -
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.col-6 .col-sm-3
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.col-6 .col-sm-3
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.col-6 .col-sm-3
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.col-6 .col-sm-3
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-{% endexample %} -
- -In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to **reset offsets, pushes, or pulls**. See this in action in [the grid example]({{ site.baseurl }}/examples/grid/). - -
-{% example html %} -
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.col-sm-5 .col-md-6
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.col-sm-5 .offset-sm-2 .col-md-6 .offset-md-0
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.col.col-sm-6.col-md-5.col-lg-6
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.col-sm-6 .col-md-5 .offset-md-2 .col-lg-6 .offset-lg-0
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-{% endexample %} -
- -## Reordering - -### Flex order - -Use flexbox utilities for controlling the **visual order** of your content. - -
-{% example html %} -
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- First, but unordered -
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- Second, but last -
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- Third, but first -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Offsetting columns - -Move columns to the right using `.offset-md-*` classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by `*` columns. For example, `.offset-md-4` moves `.col-md-4` over four columns. - -
-{% example html %} -
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.col-md-4
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.col-md-4 .offset-md-4
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.col-md-3 .offset-md-3
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.col-md-3 .offset-md-3
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.col-md-6 .offset-md-3
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-{% endexample %} -
- -### Push and pull - -Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with `.push-md-*` and `.pull-md-*` modifier classes. - -
-{% example html %} -
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.col-md-9 .push-md-3
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.col-md-3 .pull-md-9
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-{% endexample %} -
- -## Nesting - -To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm-*` columns within an existing `.col-sm-*` column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns). - -
-{% example html %} -
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- Level 1: .col-sm-9 -
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- Level 2: .col-8 .col-sm-6 -
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- Level 2: .col-4 .col-sm-6 -
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-{% endexample %} -
- -## Sass mixins - -When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our predefined grid classes use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. - -### Variables - -Variables and maps determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below. - -{% highlight scss %} -$grid-columns: 12; -$grid-gutter-width-base: 30px; - -$grid-gutter-widths: ( - xs: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - sm: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - md: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - lg: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - xl: $grid-gutter-width-base // 30px -) - -$grid-breakpoints: ( - // Extra small screen / phone - xs: 0, - // Small screen / phone - sm: 576px, - // Medium screen / tablet - md: 768px, - // Large screen / desktop - lg: 992px, - // Extra large screen / wide desktop - xl: 1200px -); - -$container-max-widths: ( - sm: 540px, - md: 720px, - lg: 960px, - xl: 1140px -); -{% endhighlight %} - -### Mixins - -Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns. - -{% highlight scss %} -// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns -@include make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths); - -// Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) -@include make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths); -@include make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns); - -// Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order -@include make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns); -@include make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns); -@include make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns); -{% endhighlight %} - -### Example usage - -You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. - -{% highlight scss %} -.example-container { - width: 800px; - @include make-container(); -} - -.example-row { - @include make-row(); -} - -.example-content-main { - @include make-col-ready(); - - @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { - @include make-col(6); - } - @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { - @include make-col(8); - } -} - -.example-content-secondary { - @include make-col-ready(); - - @include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { - @include make-col(6); - } - @include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { - @include make-col(4); - } -} -{% endhighlight %} - -{% example html %} -
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Main content
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Secondary content
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-{% endexample %} - -## Customizing the grid - -Using our built-in grid Sass variables and maps, it's possible to completely customize the predefined grid classes. Change the number of tiers, the media query dimensions, and the container widths—then recompile. - -### Columns and gutters - -The number of grid columns and their horizontal padding (aka, gutters) can be modified via Sass variables. `$grid-columns` is used to generate the widths (in percent) of each individual column while `$grid-gutter-widths` allows breakpoint-specific widths that are divided evenly across `padding-left` and `padding-right` for the column gutters. - -{% highlight scss %} -$grid-columns: 12 !default; -$grid-gutter-width-base: 30px !default; -$grid-gutter-widths: ( - xs: $grid-gutter-width-base, - sm: $grid-gutter-width-base, - md: $grid-gutter-width-base, - lg: $grid-gutter-width-base, - xl: $grid-gutter-width-base -) !default; -{% endhighlight %} - -### Grid tiers - -Moving beyond the columns themselves, you may also customize the number of grid tiers. If you wanted just four grid tiers, you'd update the `$grid-breakpoints` and `$container-max-widths` to something like this: - -{% highlight scss %} -$grid-breakpoints: ( - xs: 0, - sm: 480px, - md: 768px, - lg: 1024px -); - -$container-max-widths: ( - sm: 420px, - md: 720px, - lg: 960px -); -{% endhighlight %} - -When making any changes to the Sass variables or maps, you'll need to save your changes and recompile. Doing so will out a brand new set of predefined grid classes for column widths, offsets, pushes, and pulls. Responsive visibility utilities will also be updated to use the custom breakpoints. -- cgit v1.2.3