From cec0c7c6d6c6926dd372a91172c0081bb09fcc09 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Eric Nolte Date: Fri, 4 Nov 2016 10:54:34 -0600 Subject: Update docs to reflect new breakpoint naming convention --- docs/layout/grid.md | 46 +++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------- 1 file changed, 23 insertions(+), 23 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 55607e464..ea0a9862b 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -335,21 +335,21 @@ Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small {% example html %}
-
.col-xs-12 .col-md-8
-
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
+
.col-12 .col-md-8
+
.col-6 .col-md-4
-
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
-
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
-
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
+
.col-6 .col-md-4
+
.col-6 .col-md-4
+
.col-6 .col-md-4
-
.col-xs-6
-
.col-xs-6
+
.col-6
+
.col-6
{% endexample %} @@ -361,15 +361,15 @@ Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts
{% example html %}
-
.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
-
.col-xs-6 .col-md-4
+
.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
+
.col-6 .col-md-4
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4
+
.col-6 .col-sm-4
+
.col-6 .col-sm-4
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4
+
.col-6 .col-sm-4
{% endexample %}
@@ -381,9 +381,9 @@ If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra colu
{% example html %}
-
.col-xs-9
-
.col-xs-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
-
.col-xs-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.
+
.col-9
+
.col-4
Since 9 + 4 = 13 > 12, this 4-column-wide div gets wrapped onto a new line as one contiguous unit.
+
.col-6
Subsequent columns continue along the new line.
{% endexample %}
@@ -395,14 +395,14 @@ With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at
{% example html %}
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
+
.col-6 .col-sm-3
+
.col-6 .col-sm-3
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
-
.col-xs-6 .col-sm-3
+
.col-6 .col-sm-3
+
.col-6 .col-sm-3
{% endexample %}
@@ -453,11 +453,11 @@ To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm
Level 1: .col-sm-9
-
- Level 2: .col-xs-8 .col-sm-6 +
+ Level 2: .col-8 .col-sm-6
-
- Level 2: .col-xs-4 .col-sm-6 +
+ Level 2: .col-4 .col-sm-6
-- cgit v1.2.3 From ec5e7e5e5acdc56240eef0690881728a046da46e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Sat, 26 Nov 2016 12:13:15 -0800 Subject: Add .no-gutters option to remove gutters from rows (#21211) Fixes #19107. --- docs/layout/grid.md | 31 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++- 1 file changed, 30 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index ea0a9862b..8c0d32917 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ At a high level, here's how the grid system works: - Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. - Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So if you want three equal-width columns, you'd use `.col-sm-4`. - Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element. -- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns. +- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the `margin` from rows and `padding` from columns with `.no-gutters` on the `.row`. - There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large. - Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices). - You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. @@ -374,6 +374,35 @@ Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts {% endexample %}
+### Example: Remove gutters + +The gutters between columns in our default, predefined grid classes can be removed with `.no-gutters`. This removes the negative `margin`s from `.row` and the horizontal `padding` from all immediate children columns. + +Here's the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are scoped to only the first children columns and are targeted via [attribute selector](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors). While this generates a more specific selector, column padding can still be further customized with [spacing utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/spacing/). + +{% highlight sass %} +.no-gutters { + margin-right: 0; + margin-left: 0; + + > [class*="col-"] { + padding-right: 0; + padding-left: 0; + } +} +{% endhighlight %} + +In practice, here's how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all other predefined grid classes (including column widths, responsive tiers, reorders, and more). + +
+{% example html %} +
+
.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
+
.col-6 .col-md-4
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ ### Example: Column wrapping If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line. -- cgit v1.2.3 From b1e8d60348ab84895b7b722487a03264a53aedfb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Starsam80 Date: Sat, 26 Nov 2016 21:33:46 -0700 Subject: Remove 'xs' from text utilities (#21217) --- docs/layout/grid.md | 10 +++++----- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 8c0d32917..8de8ccf46 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -62,23 +62,23 @@ See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a - + Extra small
<576px - + Small
≥576px - + Medium
≥768px - + Large
≥992px - + Extra large
≥1200px -- cgit v1.2.3 From 08e36a3cc9f88077806efb5c69f02e1ca6e0b449 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Starsam80 Date: Sun, 27 Nov 2016 23:47:00 -0700 Subject: Rename `.col-xs` to `.col` + some other cleanup (#21222) * Use `breakpoint-min` instead of a counter * Remove 'xs' from flexbox grid --- docs/layout/grid.md | 5 +++-- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 8de8ccf46..68d7f7020 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a Class prefix - .col-xs- + .col- .col-sm- .col-md- .col-lg- @@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Using a single set of `.col-md-*` grid classes, you can create a basic grid syst ### Example: Mobile and desktop -Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding `.col-xs-*` and `.col-md-*` to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works. +Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding `.col-*` and `.col-md-*` to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.
{% example html %} @@ -385,6 +385,7 @@ Here's the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are margin-right: 0; margin-left: 0; + > .col, > [class*="col-"] { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; -- cgit v1.2.3 From eb2e1102be0f4641ee3e5c4e7853360d5a04e3d8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2016 20:26:17 -0800 Subject: Flexbox all the time (Drop IE9 support and remove $enable-flex option) (#21389) * remove the $enable-flex variable option * remove bootstrap-flex.css dist file and it's grunt task * remove the separate flex css file for docs; it's all the same now * remove flexbox docs (porting some to the main grid docs in next commit) * clean up few grid docs bits to simplify copy, start to mention flexbox * port relevant flexbox-grid.md content to grid.md - clean up mixins - update how it works section - bring over sizing and alignment sections * remove the $enable-flex from the options.md page * update lead paragraph to mention flexbox * update migration to mention loss of ie9 support * remove mention of flexbox dist file * clarify IE support * making a note * remove flexbox variant mentions from component docs - updates docs for media object, navs, list group, and cards to consolidate docs - no more need to callout flexbox variants since it's now the default * remove $enable-flex if/else from sass files * remove flex dist files * update scss lint property order to account for flex properties * linting * change to numberless classes for autosizing, wrap in highlighting div * bump gruntfile and postcss to ie10 * redo intro sections * rearrange * phew, redo hella grid docs - rearrange all the things - consolidate some bits * remove reference to flexbox mode * more border action for demo * Make some changes to the .card's in .card-deck's to ensure footers align to the bottom --- docs/layout/grid.md | 647 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 427 insertions(+), 220 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 68d7f7020..d7391025f 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -1,11 +1,11 @@ --- layout: docs title: Grid system -description: Documentation and examples for using Bootstrap's powerful, responsive, and mobile-first grid system. +description: Documentation and examples for using Bootstrap's responsive flexbox grid system. group: layout --- -Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints). You can use it with Sass mixins or our predefined classes. +Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first flexbox grid system for building layouts of all shapes and sizes. It's based on a 12 column layout and has multiple tiers, one for each [media query range]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints). You can use it with Sass mixins or our predefined classes. ## Contents @@ -14,43 +14,43 @@ Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first grid system for building layouts of a ## How it works -At a high level, here's how the grid system works: +Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together. -- There are three major components—containers, rows, and columns. -- Containers—`.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width—center your site's contents and help align your grid content. -- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. -- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. -- Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So if you want three equal-width columns, you'd use `.col-sm-4`. -- Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element. -- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the `margin` from rows and `padding` from columns with `.no-gutters` on the `.row`. -- There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): extra small, small, medium, large, and extra large. -- Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices). -- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. - -Sounds good? Great, let's move on to seeing all that in an example. - -## Quick start example - -If you're using Bootstrap's compiled CSS, this the example you'll want to start with. - -{% example html %} +
-
+
One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
-
+
One of three columns
-{% endexample %} +
The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and extra large devices using our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes). Those columns are centered in the page with the parent `.container`. +Breaking it down, here's how it works: + +- Containers (outlined in blue above) provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. +- Rows (outlined in red above) are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. +- Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. +- Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of `.col-sm` will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints. +- Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns, you can use `.col-sm-4`. +- Column `width`s are set in percentages, so they're always fluid and sized relative to their parent element. +- Columns have horizontal `padding` to create the gutters between individual columns, however, you can remove the `margin` from rows and `padding` from columns with `.no-gutters` on the `.row`. +- There are five grid tiers, one for each [responsive breakpoint]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/overview/#responsive-breakpoints): all breakpoints (extra small), small, medium, large, and extra large. +- Grid tiers are based on minimum widths, meaning they apply to that one tier and all those above it (e.g., `.col-sm-4` applies to small, medium, large, and extra large devices). +- You can use predefined grid classes or Sass mixins for more semantic markup. + +Be aware of the limitations and [bugs around flexbox](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs), like the [inability to use some HTML elements as flex containers](https://github.com/philipwalton/flexbugs#9-some-html-elements-cant-be-flex-containers). + +Sounds good? Great, let's move on to seeing all that in an example. + ## Grid options While Bootstrap uses `em`s or `rem`s for defining most sizes, `px`s are used for grid breakpoints and container widths. This is because the viewport width is in pixels and does not change with the [font size](https://drafts.csswg.org/mediaqueries-3/#units). @@ -130,212 +130,156 @@ See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a
-## Sass mixins - -When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes) use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. - -### Variables - -Variables and maps determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below. - -{% highlight scss %} -$grid-columns: 12; -$grid-gutter-width-base: 30px; - -$grid-gutter-widths: ( - xs: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - sm: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - md: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - lg: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px - xl: $grid-gutter-width-base // 30px -) - -$grid-breakpoints: ( - // Extra small screen / phone - xs: 0, - // Small screen / phone - sm: 576px, - // Medium screen / tablet - md: 768px, - // Large screen / desktop - lg: 992px, - // Extra large screen / wide desktop - xl: 1200px -); - -$container-max-widths: ( - sm: 540px, - md: 720px, - lg: 960px, - xl: 1140px -); -{% endhighlight %} - -### Mixins - -Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns. - -{% highlight scss %} -// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns -@mixin make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - @if $enable-flex { - display: flex; - flex-wrap: wrap; - } @else { - @include clearfix(); - } - - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - margin-right: ($gutter / -2); - margin-left: ($gutter / -2); - } - } -} - -// Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) -@mixin make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { - position: relative; - min-height: 1px; // Prevent collapsing +## Auto-layout columns - // Prevent columns from becoming too narrow when at smaller grid tiers by - // always setting `width: 100%;`. This works because we use `flex` values - // later on to override this initial width. - @if $enable-flex { - width: 100%; - } +Utilize breakpoint-specific column classes for equal-width columns. Add any number of unit-less classes for each breakpoint you need and every column will be the same width. - @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { - @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { - $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); - padding-right: ($gutter / 2); - padding-left: ($gutter / 2); - } - } -} +### Equal-width -@mixin make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - @if $enable-flex { - flex: 0 0 percentage($size / $columns); - // Add a `max-width` to ensure content within each column does not blow out - // the width of the column. Applies to IE10+ and Firefox. Chrome and Safari - // do not appear to require this. - max-width: percentage($size / $columns); - } @else { - float: left; - width: percentage($size / $columns); - } -} +For example, here are two grid layouts that apply to every device and viewport, from `xs` to `xl`. -// Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order -@mixin make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - margin-left: percentage($size / $columns); -} - -@mixin make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - left: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ 1 of 2 +
+
+ 1 of 2 +
+
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
-@mixin make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { - right: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); -} -{% endhighlight %} +### Setting one column width -### Example usage +Auto-layout for flexbox grid columns also means you can set the width of one column and the others will automatically resize around it. You may use predefined grid classes (as shown below), grid mixins, or inline widths. Note that the other columns will resize no matter the width of the center column. -You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 2 of 3 (wider) +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
+
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ 2 of 3 (wider) +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
-See it in action in this rendered example. +### Variable width content -{% highlight scss %} -.container { - max-width: 60em; - @include make-container(); -} -.row { - @include make-row(); -} -.content-main { - @include make-col-ready(); +Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the natural width of its content. This is super handy with single line content like inputs, numbers, etc. This, in conjunction with [horizontal alignment](#horizontal-alignment) classes, is very useful for centering layouts with uneven column sizes as viewport width changes. - @media (max-width: 32em) { - @include make-col(6); - } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { - @include make-col(8); - } -} -.content-secondary { - @include make-col-ready(); - - @media (max-width: 32em) { - @include make-col(6); - } - @media (min-width: 32.1em) { - @include make-col(4); - } -} -{% endhighlight %} - -{% highlight html %} +
+{% example html %}
+
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ Variable width content +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
+
-
...
-
...
+
+ 1 of 3 +
+
+ Variable width content +
+
+ 3 of 3 +
-{% endhighlight %} +{% endexample %} +
-## Predefined classes +## Responsive classes -In addition to our semantic mixins, Bootstrap includes an extensive set of prebuilt classes for quickly creating grid columns. It includes options for device-based column sizing, reordering columns, and more. +Bootstrap's grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit. -### Example: Stacked-to-horizontal +### All breakpoints -Using a single set of `.col-md-*` grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. Place grid columns within any `.row`. +For grids that are the same from the smallest of devices to the largest, use the `.col` and `.col-*` classes. Specify a numbered class when you need a particularly sized column; otherwise, feel free to stick to `.col`.
{% example html %}
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
-
col-md-1
+
col
+
col
+
col
+
col
-
col-md-8
-
col-md-4
+
col-8
+
col-4
+
+{% endexample %}
+ +### Stacked to horizontal + +Using a single set of `.col-sm-*` classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on extra small devices before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices. + +
+{% example html %}
-
col-md-4
-
col-md-4
-
col-md-4
+
col-sm-8
+
col-sm-4
-
col-md-6
-
col-md-6
+
col-sm
+
col-sm
+
col-sm
{% endexample %}
-### Example: Mobile and desktop +### Mix and match -Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding `.col-*` and `.col-md-*` to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works. +Don't want your columns to simply stack in some grid tiers? Use a combination of different classes for each tier as needed. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.
{% example html %}
-
.col-12 .col-md-8
+
.col .col-md-8
.col-6 .col-md-4
@@ -354,29 +298,122 @@ Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small {% endexample %}
-### Example: Mobile, tablet, desktop +## Alignment + +Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. -Build on the previous example by creating even more dynamic and powerful layouts with tablet `.col-sm-*` classes. +### Vertical alignment
{% example html %} -
-
.col-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8
-
.col-6 .col-md-4
+
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
-
-
.col-6 .col-sm-4
-
.col-6 .col-sm-4
- -
-
.col-6 .col-sm-4
+{% endexample %} +
+ +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+ One of three columns +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ +### Horizontal alignment + +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+
+
+ One of two columns +
+
+ One of two columns +
+
{% endexample %}
-### Example: Remove gutters +### No gutters -The gutters between columns in our default, predefined grid classes can be removed with `.no-gutters`. This removes the negative `margin`s from `.row` and the horizontal `padding` from all immediate children columns. +The gutters between columns in our predefined grid classes can be removed with `.no-gutters`. This removes the negative `margin`s from `.row` and the horizontal `padding` from all immediate children columns. Here's the source code for creating these styles. Note that column overrides are scoped to only the first children columns and are targeted via [attribute selector](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Attribute_selectors). While this generates a more specific selector, column padding can still be further customized with [spacing utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/spacing/). @@ -404,7 +441,7 @@ In practice, here's how it looks. Note you can continue to use this with all oth {% endexample %}
-### Example: Column wrapping +### Column wrapping If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra columns will, as one unit, wrap onto a new line. @@ -418,9 +455,9 @@ If more than 12 columns are placed within a single row, each group of extra colu {% endexample %}
-### Example: Responsive column resets +### Column resets -With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive utility classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/responsive-utilities/). +With the handful of grid tiers available, you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a `.clearfix` and our [responsive utility classes]({{ site.baseurl }}/layout/responsive-utilities/).
{% example html %} @@ -453,7 +490,31 @@ In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to **rese {% endexample %}
-### Example: Offsetting columns +## Reordering + +### Flex order + +Use flexbox utilities for controlling the **visual order** of your content. + +
+{% example html %} +
+
+
+ First, but unordered +
+
+ Second, but last +
+
+ Third, but first +
+
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ +### Offsetting columns Move columns to the right using `.offset-md-*` classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by `*` columns. For example, `.offset-md-4` moves `.col-md-4` over four columns. @@ -473,7 +534,20 @@ Move columns to the right using `.offset-md-*` classes. These classes increase t {% endexample %}
-### Example: Nesting columns +### Push and pull + +Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with `.push-md-*` and `.pull-md-*` modifier classes. + +
+{% example html %} +
+
.col-md-9 .push-md-3
+
.col-md-3 .pull-md-9
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ +## Nesting To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm-*` columns within an existing `.col-sm-*` column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12 or fewer (it is not required that you use all 12 available columns). @@ -495,18 +569,151 @@ To nest your content with the default grid, add a new `.row` and set of `.col-sm {% endexample %}
-### Example: Column ordering +## Sass mixins -Easily change the order of our built-in grid columns with `.push-md-*` and `.pull-md-*` modifier classes. +When using Bootstrap's source Sass files, you have the option of using Sass variables and mixins to create custom, semantic, and responsive page layouts. Our [predefined grid classes](#predefined-classes) use these same variables and mixins to provide a whole suite of ready-to-use classes for fast responsive layouts. -
-{% example html %} -
-
.col-md-9 .push-md-3
-
.col-md-3 .pull-md-9
-
-{% endexample %} +### Variables + +Variables and maps determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below. + +{% highlight scss %} +$grid-columns: 12; +$grid-gutter-width-base: 30px; + +$grid-gutter-widths: ( + xs: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + sm: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + md: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + lg: $grid-gutter-width-base, // 30px + xl: $grid-gutter-width-base // 30px +) + +$grid-breakpoints: ( + // Extra small screen / phone + xs: 0, + // Small screen / phone + sm: 576px, + // Medium screen / tablet + md: 768px, + // Large screen / desktop + lg: 992px, + // Extra large screen / wide desktop + xl: 1200px +); + +$container-max-widths: ( + sm: 540px, + md: 720px, + lg: 960px, + xl: 1140px +); +{% endhighlight %} + +### Mixins + +Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns. + +{% highlight scss %} +// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns +@mixin make-row($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { + display: flex; + flex-wrap: wrap; + + @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { + @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { + $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); + margin-right: ($gutter / -2); + margin-left: ($gutter / -2); + } + } +} + +// Make the element grid-ready (applying everything but the width) +@mixin make-col-ready($gutters: $grid-gutter-widths) { + position: relative; + // Prevent columns from becoming too narrow when at smaller grid tiers by + // always setting `width: 100%;`. This works because we use `flex` values + // later on to override this initial width. + width: 100%; + min-height: 1px; // Prevent collapsing + + @each $breakpoint in map-keys($gutters) { + @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint) { + $gutter: map-get($gutters, $breakpoint); + padding-right: ($gutter / 2); + padding-left: ($gutter / 2); + } + } +} + +@mixin make-col($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + flex: 0 0 percentage($size / $columns); + width: percentage($size / $columns); + // Add a `max-width` to ensure content within each column does not blow out + // the width of the column. Applies to IE10+ and Firefox. Chrome and Safari + // do not appear to require this. + max-width: percentage($size / $columns); +} + +// Get fancy by offsetting, or changing the sort order +@mixin make-col-offset($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + margin-left: percentage($size / $columns); +} + +@mixin make-col-push($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + left: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); +} + +@mixin make-col-pull($size, $columns: $grid-columns) { + right: if($size > 0, percentage($size / $columns), auto); +} +{% endhighlight %} + +### Example usage + +You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between. + +See it in action in this rendered example. + +{% highlight scss %} +.container { + max-width: 60em; + @include make-container(); +} +.row { + @include make-row(); +} +.content-main { + @include make-col-ready(); + + @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include make-col(6); + } + @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include make-col(8); + } +} +.content-secondary { + @include make-col-ready(); + + @media (max-width: 32em) { + @include make-col(6); + } + @media (min-width: 32.1em) { + @include make-col(4); + } +} +{% endhighlight %} + +{% highlight html %} +
+
+
...
+
...
+
+{% endhighlight %} ## Customizing the grid -- cgit v1.2.3 From 9d13fd3fe3d1a4578dde8b2cf0a8c74b1e41405b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Fri, 23 Dec 2016 13:31:09 -0800 Subject: remove old flex utils, update docs to match --- docs/layout/grid.md | 26 +++++++++++++------------- 1 file changed, 13 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index d7391025f..efdf3a937 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the
{% example html %}
-
+
1 of 3
@@ -304,10 +304,10 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. ### Vertical alignment -
+
{% example html %}
-
+
One of three columns
@@ -318,7 +318,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of three columns
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+
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@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of three columns
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+
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@@ -348,13 +348,13 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. {% example html %}
-
+
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-
+
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+
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@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns.
{% example html %}
-
+
One of two columns
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
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@@ -383,7 +383,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
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+
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@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
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@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ Use flexbox alignment utilities to vertically and horizontally align columns. One of two columns
-
+
One of two columns
-- cgit v1.2.3 From dac31ebf35a25d3236de9b63f6b957c504aa7e58 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2016 14:11:48 -0800 Subject: fixes #21445 remove broken example class from grid docs --- docs/layout/grid.md | 6 +++--- 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index efdf3a937..6537f70a1 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Bootstrap includes a powerful mobile-first flexbox grid system for building layo Bootstrap's grid system uses a series of containers, rows, and columns to layout and align content. It's built with flexbox and is fully responsive. Below is an example and an in-depth look at how the grid comes together. -
+
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ The above example creates three equal-width columns on small, medium, large, and Breaking it down, here's how it works: -- Containers (outlined in blue above) provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. -- Rows (outlined in red above) are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. +- Containers provide a means to center your site's contents. Use `.container` for fixed width or `.container-fluid` for full width. +- Rows are horizontal groups of columns that ensure your columns are lined up properly. We use the negative margin method on `.row` to ensure all your content is aligned properly down the left side. - Content should be placed within columns, and only columns may be immediate children of rows. - Thanks to flexbox, grid columns without a set width will automatically layout with equal widths. For example, four instances of `.col-sm` will each automatically be 25% wide for small breakpoints. - Column classes indicate the number of columns you'd like to use out of the possible 12 per row. So, if you want three equal-width columns, you can use `.col-sm-4`. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 069a80254f14add187691e82aed606bba7ffbcd4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Mark Otto Date: Tue, 27 Dec 2016 14:05:24 -0800 Subject: Document how to break equal width cols to multiple rows Fixes #21287 --- docs/layout/grid.md | 16 ++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+) (limited to 'docs/layout/grid.md') diff --git a/docs/layout/grid.md b/docs/layout/grid.md index 6537f70a1..056561b27 100644 --- a/docs/layout/grid.md +++ b/docs/layout/grid.md @@ -230,6 +230,22 @@ Using the `col-{breakpoint}-auto` classes, columns can size itself based on the {% endexample %}
+### Equal-width multi-row + +Create equal-width columns that span multiple rows by inserting a `.w-100` where you want the columns to break to a new line. Make the breaks responsive by mixing the `.w-100` with some [responsive display utilities]({{ site.baseurl }}/utilities/display-property/). + +
+{% example html %} +
+
col
+
col
+
+
col
+
col
+
+{% endexample %} +
+ ## Responsive classes Bootstrap's grid includes five tiers of predefined classes for building complex responsive layouts. Customize the size of your columns on extra small, small, medium, large, or extra large devices however you see fit. -- cgit v1.2.3