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authorMark Otto <[email protected]>2017-05-28 22:50:57 -0700
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----
-layout: docs
-title: Overview
-description: Components and options for laying out your Bootstrap project, including wrapping containers, a powerful grid system, a flexible media object, and responsive utility classes.
-group: layout
-redirect_from: "/layout/"
-toc: true
----
-
-## Containers
-
-Containers are the most basic layout element in Bootstrap and are **required when using our default grid system**. Choose from a responsive, fixed-width container (meaning its `max-width` changes at each breakpoint) or fluid-width (meaning it's `100%` wide all the time).
-
-While containers *can* be nested, most layouts do not require a nested container.
-
-<div class="bd-example">
- <div class="bd-example-container">
- <div class="bd-example-container-header"></div>
- <div class="bd-example-container-sidebar"></div>
- <div class="bd-example-container-body"></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-{% highlight html %}
-<div class="container">
- <!-- Content here -->
-</div>
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-Use `.container-fluid` for a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.
-
-<div class="bd-example">
- <div class="bd-example-container bd-example-container-fluid">
- <div class="bd-example-container-header"></div>
- <div class="bd-example-container-sidebar"></div>
- <div class="bd-example-container-body"></div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-{% highlight html %}
-<div class="container-fluid">
- ...
-</div>
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-
-## Responsive breakpoints
-
-Since Bootstrap is developed to be mobile first, we use a handful of [media queries](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries) to create sensible breakpoints for our layouts and interfaces. These breakpoints are mostly based on minimum viewport widths and allow us to scale up elements as the viewport changes.
-
-Bootstrap primarily uses the following media query ranges—or breakpoints—in our source Sass files for our layout, grid system, and components.
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
-// No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap
-
-// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)
-@media (min-width: 576px) { ... }
-
-// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)
-@media (min-width: 768px) { ... }
-
-// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)
-@media (min-width: 992px) { ... }
-
-// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)
-@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-Since we write our source CSS in Sass, all our media queries are available via Sass mixins:
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-@include media-breakpoint-up(xs) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(md) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(lg) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-up(xl) { ... }
-
-// Example usage:
-@include media-breakpoint-up(sm) {
- .some-class {
- display: block;
- }
-}
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-We occasionally use media queries that go in the other direction (the given screen size *or smaller*):
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
-@media (max-width: 575px) { ... }
-
-// Small devices (landscape phones, less than 768px)
-@media (max-width: 767px) { ... }
-
-// Medium devices (tablets, less than 992px)
-@media (max-width: 991px) { ... }
-
-// Large devices (desktops, less than 1200px)
-@media (max-width: 1199px) { ... }
-
-// Extra large devices (large desktops)
-// No media query since the extra-large breakpoint has no upper bound on its width
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-Once again, these media queries are also available via Sass mixins:
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-@include media-breakpoint-down(xs) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(sm) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(md) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-down(lg) { ... }
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-There are also media queries and mixins for targeting a single segment of screen sizes using the minimum and maximum breakpoint widths.
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-// Extra small devices (portrait phones, less than 576px)
-@media (max-width: 575px) { ... }
-
-// Small devices (landscape phones, 576px and up)
-@media (min-width: 576px) and (max-width: 767px) { ... }
-
-// Medium devices (tablets, 768px and up)
-@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 991px) { ... }
-
-// Large devices (desktops, 992px and up)
-@media (min-width: 992px) and (max-width: 1199px) { ... }
-
-// Extra large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up)
-@media (min-width: 1200px) { ... }
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-These media queries are also available via Sass mixins:
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-@include media-breakpoint-only(xs) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(sm) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(md) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(lg) { ... }
-@include media-breakpoint-only(xl) { ... }
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-Similarly, media queries may span multiple breakpoint widths:
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-// Example
-// Apply styles starting from medium devices and up to extra large devices
-@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1199px) { ... }
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-The Sass mixin for targeting the same screen size range would be:
-
-{% highlight scss %}
-@include media-breakpoint-between(md, xl) { ... }
-{% endhighlight %}
-
-## Z-index
-
-Several Bootstrap components utilize `z-index`, the CSS property that helps control layout by providing a third axis to arrange content. We utilize a default z-index scale in Bootstrap that's been designed to properly layer navigation, tooltips and popovers, modals, and more.
-
-We don't encourage customization of these values; should you change one, you likely need to change them all.
-
-```scss
-$zindex-dropdown-backdrop: 990 !default;
-$zindex-dropdown: 1000 !default;
-$zindex-fixed: 1030 !default;
-$zindex-sticky: 1030 !default;
-$zindex-modal-backdrop: 1040 !default;
-$zindex-modal: 1050 !default;
-$zindex-popover: 1060 !default;
-$zindex-tooltip: 1070 !default;
-```
-
-Background elements—like the backdrops that allow click-dismissing—tend to reside on a lower `z-index`s, while navigation and popovers utilize higher `z-index`s to ensure they overlay surrounding content.